https://radar.com/ (among many others) provides a free API (100k calls) to encode an address or a location string into precise geolocation information such as latitude/longitude pairs.
b'{"meta":{"code":200},"addresses":[{"addressLabel":"841 Broadway","number":"841","street":"Broadway","city":"New York","stateCode":"NY","postalCode":"10003","county":"New York","countryCode":"US","formattedAddress":"841 Broadway, New York, NY 10003 US","layer":"address","latitude":40.734293607,"longitude":-73.991043025,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-73.991043025,40.734293607]},"distance":5572.482785708698,"confidence":"exact","state":"New York","country":"United States","countryFlag":"\xf0\x9f\x87\xba\xf0\x9f\x87\xb8"}]}'